Classical music is a genre of music that originated in Europe during the Classical period, which spanned from the mid-18th century to the early 19th century. The style of classical music is characterized by its formal structure, use of harmony, and melodic development.

In terms of structure, classical music typically consists of several movements or sections, each with its own unique musical themes and variations. The form of each movement is typically based on a particular musical structure, such as the sonata form, rondo form, or theme and variations form. These formal structures provide a framework for composers to develop and explore musical ideas in a logical and coherent way.

One of the defining features of classical music is its use of harmony. Harmony refers to the way in which different musical notes and chords are combined to create a sense of tonality or key. Classical music typically uses tonal harmony, which is based on the concept of a tonal center or key. This tonal center provides a sense of stability and direction to the music, which allows the composer to develop and explore different musical ideas while maintaining a sense of coherence and unity.

Melodic development is also an important aspect of classical music. Melodies are typically developed and varied throughout a piece of music, often using techniques such as fragmentation, inversion, and sequence. These techniques allow the composer to create a sense of unity and coherence throughout a piece of music, while also providing variety and interest for the listener.

The style of classical music has evolved over time, with different periods and composers developing their own unique styles and approaches to composition. Some of the major styles and periods of classical music include:

Baroque: This period, which spanned from the early 17th century to the mid-18th century, is characterized by its ornate and highly structured musical style, as well as its use of intricate counterpoint and elaborate melodic ornamentation.

Classical: The Classical period, which spanned from the mid-18th century to the early 19th century, is characterized by its formal structure, clear and simple melodies, and balanced harmonies. Composers such as Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven are some of the most well-known figures of this period.

Romantic: The Romantic period, which spanned from the early 19th century to the early 20th century, is characterized by its expressive and emotive musical style, as well as its use of expanded harmonies and orchestration. Composers such as Chopin, Liszt, and Tchaikovsky are some of the most well-known figures of this period.

Modern: The Modern period, which began in the early 20th century and continues to the present day, is characterized by its experimentation and exploration of new musical ideas and techniques. Composers such as Stravinsky, Schoenberg, and Cage are some of the most well-known figures of this period.

In conclusion, the genre and style of classical music are characterized by its formal structure, use of harmony, and melodic development. While the style of classical music has evolved over time, it continues to be a significant and influential genre of music, with a rich history and legacy that continues to inspire and captivate audiences around the world.